A Guide to West African Cultural Etiquette

Travelling to West Africa should be a priority on your bucket list especially if you’re looking for an experience deeply rooted in culture, heritage and rich diversity, however, just like any other destinations in the world, there are a few things to remember before your trip to show your respect for different cultures within the region.

Respect for Elders

Elders are integral in West African communities and they play an important role within the society. Recognized as a library of knowledge and wisdom, elders are regarded as the custodians of history. It is customary to greet older individuals first and to show one’s respect in both verbal and non-verbal communication. Elders are often called upon to lead family and communal debates, settle disputes and more. Among the Yoruba of Benin and Nigeria, the gesture of “dobale”, a sign of respect, is demonstrated when greeting elders, someone of a higher rank or nobility by laying fully flat on the floor.

Greetings & Handshakes

Greetings are an essential part of West African culture. It is common for complete strangers to greet you. This shows a general sense of community and respect for one another. In most African countries, it is considered disrespectful to use the left hand. West Africans also sometimes offer a handshake with a snap of fingers within the handshake. This is often used in informal settings. Remember to greet elders and leaders first.

Learn a few basic phrases in the local languages, such as “Efoa” – How are you in Ewe (Benin, Ghana, Togo), “Na Nga Def” – Hello in Wolof (Senegal, Gambia and parts of Mauritania), “Enache Nuwe” – Thank you in Fon (Benin) to make a positive impression.

Be Mindful of Non-Verbal Language

Non-verbal cues play a significant role in West African communication. Maintain eye contact without being intense, and be aware that gestures and body language may have different meanings in various cultures. Pointing and staring are generally considered rude.

Don’t be surprised if you hear someone hissing in your direction as an attempt to get your attention.

Photography Etiquette

Always seek permission before taking photos, especially of people. Some communities may have cultural or religious reasons for not allowing photographs, so it is important to respect their wishes. Engaging with the locals and building a connection can often lead to more authentic and meaningful photo opportunities.

Most locals are happy to oblige a photo opportunity but ensure you have consent especially photographing traditional ceremonies, rituals, children or in markets.

Appropriate Dressing

Locals are generally still conservative regarding dress etiquette, however, this is now more relaxed with globalisation and modernization. It is best to dress modestly especially in crowded areas such as markets, traditional sites or religious grounds.

Wearing locally made attire can win you points with the locals as this shows an embrace of their culture.